| 外商投資方式 |
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| 2006-02-20 14:57 文章来源：乐山市商务局 | | 文章类型：原创 内容分类： |
合資經營企業 即用國外或境外地區的公司，企業和其他經濟組織或個人，同我市公司、企業和其他經濟組織，按照平等互利的原則共同開辦中國政府批准的合資企業，是具有中國法人地位的有限責任公司。合營各方共同協商投資比例（但外方投資不得少於25%），共同投資、共同經營，共擔風險，共用利潤，合營者可以用現金，也可以用建築物、廠房及其設備或其他物料、工業產權、專有技術、場地使用權出資，作為各方投資的股份，並按照註冊資金投資比例分配利潤。
合作經營企業 即契約式經營，合作各方的責任、權利、義務，由各方通過協議、合同加以規定。合作經營需經中國政府批准，受中國法律的保護和管轄。合作經營的一般做法是：由中方使用者提供土地使用權，勞動力和勞動服務或現有可利用的房屋、設備、材料等，在平等互利的原則下，商定適當的管理形式和利潤分配方式與比例（外國合作者一般不得低於合作企業註冊資本的25%）。合作經營企業與合資企業的主要區別在於：它不一定用貨幣計算股份，也不一定按股份比例分配收益，而是按協定的投資方式和分配比例來分配收益。
外資企業 凡外國或境外地區公司、企業，其他經濟組織或個人，以及全部來自中國境外的資金，在中國境內開辦的企業，稱為外資企業。企業所獲利潤全部歸外國投資者所有。
外商投資股份有限公司 全部資本由等額股份構成，以其所認購的股份對公司承擔責任，公司以其全部財產對公司債務承擔責任，其中外國購買並持有的股份占公司註冊資本的25%以上的企業法人。公司可採取發起方式或者募集方式設立。
外商投資性公司 外國投資者在中國以獨資或與中國投資者合資的形式設立的從事直接投資的公司。公司形式為有限責任公司。
申請設立投資性公司應符合以下條件：
外國投資者資信良好，擁有開辦投資性公司所必須的經濟實力。申請前一年投資者的資產總額不低於4億美元，且投資者在中國境內已設立了外商投資企業，其實際繳付的註冊資本的出資超過1000萬美元，並有三個以上擬投資項目的項目建議書獲得批准；或者外國投資者在中國境內已設立了10個以上從事生產或基礎設施建設的外資投資企業，其實際繳付的註冊資本超過3000萬美元；以合資方式設立投資性公司的，中國投資者應為資信良好，擁有開辦投資公司所必須的經濟實力，其資產總額不低於1億元人民幣。投資性公司註冊資本不低於3000萬美元。
外資金融機構 是指外國金融機構在中國境內投資設立的從事金融業務的分支機搆和具有中國法人地位的外商投資金融機構，中外合資金融機構。現已在中國設立的外資金融機構有外資銀行、外資財務公司和外資保險公司。目前外資銀行、外資財務公司在我國境內開展的業務僅限於外匯金融業務。申請設立外資金融機構的外國金融機構，總資產須達到一定的規模，其所在國須有嚴格的金融監管，並且在華設立代表機構達二年以上，方可設立外資金融機構。設立外資金融機構須按有關法律法規申請，報經國家金融主管機關批准。
BOT方式 BOT是BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER的簡稱，即”建設-經營-移交”。典型的BOT形式，是政府同私營部門（在我國表現為外商投資）的项目公司簽定合同，由项目公司籌資和建設基礎設施項目。项目公司在協議期內擁有，運營和維護這項設施，並通過收取使用費或服務費用，回收投資並取得合理的利潤。協議期滿後，這項設施的所有權無償移交給政府。BOT方式主要用於發展收費公路、發電廠、鐵路、廢水處理設施和城市地鐵等基礎設施項目。
補償貿易 是由外商提供設備及技術，同時承擔購買中方一定數量的出口產品，設備與技術的借款可以分期償還。經中外雙方協商一致，購買進口設備技術的借款，除經批准可以利用進口設備及技術直接生產的產品來償還，還可以以其他產品償還。
對外加工裝配 來料、來樣加工及來件裝配由外方提供技術、設備、零部件及原輔助材料，產品由外方返銷，中方收取工繳費，外方提供的設備如作價，中方則用工繳費分期償還。
租賃 通過支付租金取得國外先進設備的使用權是一種特殊的籌資方式。租金按租賃合同的規定支付。租賃期滿，企業可將租賃設備購買下來。外方或出租人亦可提出技術服務、原料、燃料及零件等。
外資並購 外國投資者並購境內企業，系指外國投資者協議購買境內非外商投資企業（以下稱”境內公司”）的股東的股權或認購境內公司增資，使該境內公司變更設立為外商投資企業（以下稱”股權並購”）或者，外國投資者設立外商投資企業，並通過該企業協議購買境內企業資產且運營該資產，或外國投資者協定購買境內企業資產，並以該資產投資設立外商投資企業運營該資產（以下稱”資產並購”）。
Forms of investments
Sino-foreign Joint Ventures That is to say the company of the foreign district and aboard, enterprise and other economic commission or individual, with enterprise and other economic commission of Leshan city, in term of principle of equality and mutual benefit jointly establish Sino-foreign joint ventures approved by Chinese government. It is a limited liability company with Chinese corporative status. The parties of joint venture negotiate the invest scale (Foreign investment cannot be less than 25%)invest jointly, cooperate, take risk together, share profits. The investment can be in cash, and also can be the building, plants and facilities or other supplies or industry property right, proprietary technology and space ownership. The profit is distributed according to investment scale.
Sino-foreign Contractual Joint Ventures It is also named as contractual operation. The responsibility, right, obligation of the cooperator is prescribed by the agreement and contract passed. The contract needs to be approved by Chinese government, and get the safeguard of Chinese law. The contractual operation's general way is: Chinese user supply the land-use right, labor or labor service or available premise, facility, material etc. Under the principle of equality and mutual benefit, the foreign cooperator and Chinese cooperator, negotiate proper supervisory form and profit distribution scale (Foreign cooperator's capital cannot generally lower than 25% of register capital). The main difference between Sino-foreign contractual joint ventures and Sino-foreign joint ventures: It is not necessary to use the money to reckon the share, as well to distribute profits by investment scale. But it assigns the profits based on agreement's invest mode and distribution scale.
Sole Foreign Invest Enterprise Any foreign country or abroad company, other economic organization or individual, use full abroad capital to hold foreign investment enterprise in China. All enterprise's profit returns to the foreign investors.
Foreign Investment Co., Ltd. All capital is constituted of same stock. Shareholder shall assume responsibilities according his stock. Company assumes responsibilities to debt according full assets. Stock bought and held by foreign should be more than 25% of register capital. Company can be established under the mode of being sponsored and collected.
Foreign Investment Company Foreign investor establishes an Investment Company with sole foreign investment or joint venture in China. The company form is Limited Liability Company.
To apply for establishing an Investment Company, investor should match below terms:
Foreign investor's credit is in condition, owns the economic strength required to establish foreign investment enterprise. The foreign investor has already established foreign investment company in China. The last year's assets of foreign investor are not lower than 400 million dollars. The registration capital physically paid is over 10 million dollars foreign investment and at least three investment suggestion books have been approved; Or foreign investor has already established 10 foreign investment enterprise that be engaged in production or foundation facilities construction, the registration capital physically paid is over 30 million dollars. To establish Investment Company by joint venture .The Chinese investor's credit is in condition, and owns the economic strength required to establish Investment Company. Total assets are not lower than 100 million RMB. The investment company's registration capital is not lower than 30 million dollars.
Foreign Financial Institution The foreign financial institution invests and establishes the branch organization for being engaged in the financial business. The sole foreign investment financing institution and financing in joint venture is provided with Chinese corporative status. Now the foreign financial institution established in China is foreign bank, foreign bank, foreign finance company and foreign insurance company. Currently the foreign bank, foreign finance company is only limited in the financial business of foreign exchange in China .The foreign finance institution is allowed to establish that its total property attains the certain scale. Its nation must have the strict finance supervising, and has established the commissary organization for two years in China. It must be approved by state financial supervisor organization.
BOT Method The BOT is abbreviation of BUILD-OPERATE-TRANSFER. The typical BOT method is the government and the item company of privately owned section (in our country it is foreign investment enterprise) sign the contract . The item company raises and builds foundation facilities. The item company operates and maintains these facilities in the agreement period, and usage fee or service charge to recover investment and gain reasonable profits. When the agreement expires, the owner ship of these facilities shall be handed over to the government. The BOT method primarily used for developing foundation facilities item in city, the toll roads, power plant, railroad, the discard water-disposal facilities and subway etc.
Compensatory Trade Foreign company supplies equipment and technique, undertakes to purchase several Chinese export products at the same time. The loan of equipments and technique can be amortized. While both Chinese and Foreign have unanimous consultation, the loan that used to purchase import equipments and technique can be compensated by the direct production or the other productions.
Foreign Process Assemble For supplying material, supplying sample processing, supplying assembly, foreign parts offer technique, equipments, assembly and originally accessorial material, and return production, Chinese parts take the process fees. If the equipments offered by foreign parts and they give evaluation, Chinese parts can amortize in the process fee.
Lease To acquire the usage access of foreign advanced equipments by opting the rental is a special raising money method. The rental pays in Lease Contract. When the Lease period expires, enterprise can purchase down the lease equipments. The foreign parts or leasehold may also supply the technique service, raw material, fuel and parts etc.
Merging Of The Foreign Capital Merging of the foreign enterprises with the home enterprise means that foreign investors purchase non-foreign invested enterprises (or abbreviated as home enterprises in the following) for their shares of the share holders or the added capital according to the agreements so that the home enterprises are converted into foreign-invested enterprises;(or abbreviated as “merging of shares “in the following) or that foreign investor start foreign-invested enterprises and purchase the capital of the home enterprises and run them according to the agreements; Or that foreign investors purchase the capital of the home enterprises and start enterprises based on the capital and run them according to the agreements (abbreviated as merging of capital in the following).
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